# 发现-分析-解决问题的高中低三阶模式APP - 多语言技术方案
我将为您设计一个使用Rust、Java和Go开发的"发现-分析-解决问题"三阶模式教育APP的技术架构。
## 系统架构设计
### 1. 整体架构
```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 前端界面 │
│ (Java - Android) │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ API网关层 │
│ (Go) │
├───────────────┬───────────────┬─────────────────┤
│ 问题推理引擎 │ 学习分析器 │ 案例管理系统 │
│ (Rust) │ (Go) │ (Go) │
├───────────────┴───────────────┴─────────────────┤
│ 数据存储层 │
│ (PostgreSQL + Redis) │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
## 技术栈分配与实现
### 1. Go - API网关和学习分析
```go
// main.go - 主服务器
package main
import (
"log"
"***/http"
"problem-solving-app/handlers"
"problem-solving-app/middleware"
"problem-solving-app/database"
"github.***/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
// 初始化数据库
if err := database.Init(); err != nil {
log.Fatal("数据库初始化失败:", err)
}
r := gin.Default()
// 中间件
r.Use(middleware.CORS())
r.Use(middleware.Auth())
r.Use(middleware.Logger())
// API路由
api := r.Group("/api/v1")
{
// 问题管理
api.GET("/problems", handlers.GetProblems)
api.GET("/problems/:id", handlers.GetProblem)
api.POST("/problems/:id/solve", handlers.SubmitSolution)
// 学习路径
api.GET("/learning-paths", handlers.GetLearningPaths)
api.GET("/user-progress", handlers.GetUserProgress)
// 推理引擎
api.POST("/analyze", handlers.AnalyzeProblem)
api.POST("/generate-solution", handlers.GenerateSolution)
// 案例学习
api.GET("/cases", handlers.GetCases)
api.POST("/cases/:id/practice", handlers.PracticeCase)
}
log.Println("服务器启动在 :8080")
r.Run(":8080")
}
```
```go
// handlers/problem.go
package handlers
import (
"***/http"
"strconv"
"problem-solving-app/services"
"problem-solving-app/native" // Rust FFI
"github.***/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func AnalyzeProblem(c *gin.Context) {
var request struct {
ProblemID int `json:"problem_id"`
Description string `json:"description"`
Level string `json:"level"` // beginner, intermediate, advanced
}
if err := c.BindJSON(&request); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
// 调用Rust推理引擎进行分析
analysis, err := native.AnalyzeProblem(request.Description, request.Level)
if err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, analysis)
}
func GenerateSolution(c *gin.Context) {
var request struct {
ProblemID int `json:"problem_id"`
Analysis string `json:"analysis"`
Constraints []string `json:"constraints"`
Level string `json:"level"`
}
if err := c.BindJSON(&request); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
// 调用Rust生成解决方案
solution, err := native.GenerateSolution(request.ProblemID, request.Analysis, request.Constraints, request.Level)
if err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, solution)
}
```
```go
// services/learning_analyzer.go
package services
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"time"
)
type LearningAnalyzer struct {
userProgress map[string]*UserProgress
}
type UserProgress struct {
UserID string
***pletedProblems map[int]bool
SkillLevels map[string]float64 // 技能名称 -> 熟练度(0-1)
LearningPath []LearningStep
WeakAreas []string
LastActive time.Time
}
type LearningStep struct {
ProblemID int
Skill string
Difficulty string
***pletedAt time.Time
Score float64
}
func (la *LearningAnalyzer) AnalyzeUserProgress(userID string) *UserProgress {
progress := la.userProgress[userID]
if progress == nil {
progress = &UserProgress{
UserID: userID,
***pletedProblems: make(map[int]bool),
SkillLevels: make(map[string]float64),
}
la.userProgress[userID] = progress
}
// 分析技能水平
la.analyzeSkillLevels(progress)
// 识别薄弱环节
la.identifyWeakAreas(progress)
// 推荐学习路径
la.generateLearningPath(progress)
return progress
}
func (la *LearningAnalyzer) analyzeSkillLevels(progress *UserProgress) {
// 基于完成的问题分析各项技能水平
skills := map[string][]float64{
"problem_identification": {},
"root_cause_analysis": {},
"solution_generation": {},
"implementation": {},
}
for problemID := range progress.***pletedProblems {
problem := GetProblem(problemID)
if problem != nil {
for _, skill := range problem.RequiredSkills {
// 根据问题难度和完成质量计算技能得分
score := la.calculateSkillScore(problem, progress)
skills[skill] = append(skills[skill], score)
}
}
}
// 计算平均技能水平
for skill, scores := range skills {
if len(scores) > 0 {
var total float64
for _, score := range scores {
total += score
}
progress.SkillLevels[skill] = total / float64(len(scores))
} else {
progress.SkillLevels[skill] = 0.3 // 默认基础水平
}
}
}
```
### 2. Rust - 问题推理引擎
```rust
// src/reasoning_engine.rs
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
use regex::Regex;
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ProblemAnalysis {
pub problem_id: Option<i32>,
pub description: String,
pub level: ProblemLevel,
pub identified_issues: Vec<String>,
pub root_causes: Vec<RootCause>,
pub constraints: Vec<String>,
pub stakeholders: Vec<String>,
pub ***plexity_score: f32,
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct RootCause {
pub cause: String,
pub confidence: f32,
pub evidence: Vec<String>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Solution {
pub steps: Vec<SolutionStep>,
pub resources_needed: Vec<String>,
pub timeline_estimate: String,
pub su***ess_probability: f32,
pub risk_factors: Vec<RiskFactor>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SolutionStep {
pub description: String,
pub order: i32,
pub duration_estimate: String,
pub dependencies: Vec<i32>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct RiskFactor {
pub risk: String,
pub severity: f32,
pub mitigation: String,
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
pub enum ProblemLevel {
Beginner,
Intermediate,
Advanced,
}
pub struct ReasoningEngine {
patterns: HashMap<String, Vec<ProblemPattern>>,
case_library: HashMap<i32, Case>,
}
impl ReasoningEngine {
pub fn new() -> Self {
let mut engine = Self {
patterns: HashMap::new(),
case_library: HashMap::new(),
};
engine.initialize_patterns();
engine
}
pub fn analyze_problem(&self, description: &str, level: ProblemLevel) -> ProblemAnalysis {
let identified_issues = self.identify_issues(description);
let root_causes = self.analyze_root_causes(&identified_issues, &level);
let constraints = self.identify_constraints(description);
let stakeholders = self.identify_stakeholders(description);
let ***plexity_score = self.calculate_***plexity(&identified_issues, &root_causes);
ProblemAnalysis {
problem_id: None,
description: description.to_string(),
level,
identified_issues,
root_causes,
constraints,
stakeholders,
***plexity_score,
}
}
pub fn generate_solution(
&self,
problem_id: i32,
analysis: &str,
constraints: &[String],
level: ProblemLevel
) -> Solution {
let analysis: ProblemAnalysis = serde_json::from_str(analysis).unwrap();
// 基于问题分析和级别生成解决方案
let steps = self.generate_solution_steps(&analysis, &level);
let resources = self.identify_resources(&analysis, &steps);
let timeline = self.estimate_timeline(&steps, &level);
let su***ess_prob = self.calculate_su***ess_probability(&analysis, &steps);
let risks = self.identify_risks(&analysis, &steps);
Solution {
steps,
resources_needed: resources,
timeline_estimate: timeline,
su***ess_probability: su***ess_prob,
risk_factors: risks,
}
}
fn identify_issues(&self, description: &str) -> Vec<String> {
let mut issues = Vec::new();
// 使用模式匹配识别问题
for (category, patterns) in &self.patterns {
for pattern in patterns {
if pattern.matches(description) {
issues.push(pattern.issue.clone());
}
}
}
// 如果模式匹配不够，使用关键词识别
if issues.is_empty() {
issues.extend(self.extract_issues_by_keywords(description));
}
issues
}
fn analyze_root_causes(&self, issues: &[String], level: &ProblemLevel) -> Vec<RootCause> {
let mut root_causes = Vec::new();
for issue in issues {
// 基于问题级别使用不同的分析深度
let causes = match level {
ProblemLevel::Beginner => self.analyze_causes_basic(issue),
ProblemLevel::Intermediate => self.analyze_causes_intermediate(issue),
ProblemLevel::Advanced => self.analyze_causes_advanced(issue),
};
root_causes.extend(causes);
}
root_causes
}
fn generate_solution_steps(&self, analysis: &ProblemAnalysis, level: &ProblemLevel) -> Vec<SolutionStep> {
let mut steps = Vec::new();
match level {
ProblemLevel::Beginner => {
// 基础解决方案：直接解决表面问题
steps.push(SolutionStep {
description: "明确问题定义和目标".to_string(),
order: 1,
duration_estimate: "1-2小时".to_string(),
dependencies: vec![],
});
steps.push(SolutionStep {
description: "收集必要信息和资源".to_string(),
order: 2,
duration_estimate: "2-4小时".to_string(),
dependencies: vec![1],
});
// 添加更多基础步骤...
}
ProblemLevel::Intermediate => {
// 中级解决方案：考虑更多因素
steps.push(SolutionStep {
description: "深入分析根本原因".to_string(),
order: 1,
duration_estimate: "4-8小时".to_string(),
dependencies: vec![],
});
steps.push(SolutionStep {
description: "制定多套解决方案并评估".to_string(),
order: 2,
duration_estimate: "8-16小时".to_string(),
dependencies: vec![1],
});
// 添加更多中级步骤...
}
ProblemLevel::Advanced => {
// 高级解决方案：系统性思考
steps.push(SolutionStep {
description: "建立系统模型和影响分析".to_string(),
order: 1,
duration_estimate: "16-32小时".to_string(),
dependencies: vec![],
});
steps.push(SolutionStep {
description: "设计创新性解决方案框架".to_string(),
order: 2,
duration_estimate: "32-64小时".to_string(),
dependencies: vec![1],
});
// 添加更多高级步骤...
}
}
steps
}
fn initialize_patterns(&mut self) {
// 初始化问题识别模式
self.patterns.insert(
"***munication".to_string(),
vec![
ProblemPattern::new(
r"(?i)(misunderstand|confus|unclear)",
"沟通不清晰".to_string()
),
ProblemPattern::new(
r"(?i)(conflict|disagreement|argument)",
"团队冲突".to_string()
),
]
);
self.patterns.insert(
"technical".to_string(),
vec![
ProblemPattern::new(
r"(?i)(bug|error|crash|not working)",
"技术故障".to_string()
),
ProblemPattern::new(
r"(?i)(slow|performance|lag)",
"性能问题".to_string()
),
]
);
// 添加更多问题模式...
}
}
struct ProblemPattern {
regex: Regex,
issue: String,
}
impl ProblemPattern {
fn new(pattern: &str, issue: String) -> Self {
Self {
regex: Regex::new(pattern).unwrap(),
issue,
}
}
fn matches(&self, text: &str) -> bool {
self.regex.is_match(text)
}
}
// FFI接口
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn analyze_problem(description: *const libc::c_char, level: *const libc::c_char) -> *mut libc::c_char {
let description_str = unsafe {
std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(description)
.to_str()
.unwrap_or("")
};
let level_str = unsafe {
std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(level)
.to_str()
.unwrap_or("beginner")
};
let level = match level_str {
"intermediate" => ProblemLevel::Intermediate,
"advanced" => ProblemLevel::Advanced,
_ => ProblemLevel::Beginner,
};
let engine = ReasoningEngine::new();
let analysis = engine.analyze_problem(description_str, level);
match serde_json::to_string(&analysis) {
Ok(json) => std::ffi::CString::new(json).unwrap().into_raw(),
Err(_) => std::ptr::null_mut(),
}
}
```
### 3. Java - Android前端界面
```java
// ProblemSolvingActivity.java - 主要问题解决界面
public class ProblemSolvingActivity extends App***patActivity {
private TextView problemDescription;
private RecyclerView analysisResults;
private Button analyzeButton, generateSolutionButton;
private ProgressBar progressBar;
private Problem currentProblem;
private String currentLevel = "beginner";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_problem_solving);
initializeViews();
loadProblem();
setupLevelSelector();
}
private void initializeViews() {
problemDescription = findViewById(R.id.problem_description);
analysisResults = findViewById(R.id.analysis_results);
analyzeButton = findViewById(R.id.analyze_button);
generateSolutionButton = findViewById(R.id.generate_solution_button);
progressBar = findViewById(R.id.progress_bar);
analyzeButton.setOnClickListener(v -> analyzeProblem());
generateSolutionButton.setOnClickListener(v -> generateSolution());
// 设置分析结果列表
analysisResults.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
}
private void setupLevelSelector() {
Spinner levelSpinner = findViewById(R.id.level_spinner);
ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> adapter = ArrayAdapter.createFromResource(
this, R.array.problem_levels, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item
);
adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
levelSpinner.setAdapter(adapter);
levelSpinner.setOnItemSelectedListener(new AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener() {
@Override
public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
currentLevel = parent.getItemAtPosition(position).toString().toLowerCase();
updateUIForLevel();
}
@Override
public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) {}
});
}
private void analyzeProblem() {
String description = problemDescription.getText().toString();
if (description.isEmpty()) {
showError("请输入问题描述");
return;
}
progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
analyzeButton.setEnabled(false);
ProblemAPI.analyzeProblem(description, currentLevel, new Callback<ProblemAnalysis>() {
@Override
public void onSu***ess(ProblemAnalysis analysis) {
progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
analyzeButton.setEnabled(true);
displayAnalysis(analysis);
}
@Override
public void onError(String error) {
progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
analyzeButton.setEnabled(true);
showError("分析失败: " + error);
}
});
}
private void displayAnalysis(ProblemAnalysis analysis) {
AnalysisAdapter adapter = new AnalysisAdapter(analysis);
analysisResults.setAdapter(adapter);
generateSolutionButton.setEnabled(true);
}
private void generateSolution() {
// 生成解决方案的实现
ProblemAPI.generateSolution(currentProblem.getId(), analysis, constraints, currentLevel,
new Callback<Solution>() {
@Override
public void onSu***ess(Solution solution) {
displaySolution(solution);
}
@Override
public void onError(String error) {
showError("生成解决方案失败: " + error);
}
});
}
private void updateUIForLevel() {
switch (currentLevel) {
case "beginner":
problemDescription.setHint("简单描述您遇到的问题...");
break;
case "intermediate":
problemDescription.setHint("详细描述问题背景和现状...");
break;
case "advanced":
problemDescription.setHint("系统性地描述问题，包括相关因素和约束...");
break;
}
}
}
```
```java
// LearningPathActivity.java - 学习路径管理
public class LearningPathActivity extends App***patActivity {
private RecyclerView learningPathView;
private TextView skillLevelsView;
private UserProgress userProgress;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_learning_path);
learningPathView = findViewById(R.id.learning_path_recycler);
skillLevelsView = findViewById(R.id.skill_levels_text);
loadUserProgress();
setupLearningPath();
}
private void loadUserProgress() {
ProblemAPI.getUserProgress(new Callback<UserProgress>() {
@Override
public void onSu***ess(UserProgress progress) {
userProgress = progress;
updateSkillDisplay();
updateLearningPath();
}
@Override
public void onError(String error) {
showError("加载学习进度失败");
}
});
}
private void updateSkillDisplay() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("您的技能水平:\n\n");
for (Map.Entry<String, Double> entry : userProgress.getSkillLevels().entrySet()) {
String skillName = getSkillDisplayName(entry.getKey());
double level = entry.getValue();
sb.append(String.format("%s: %.0f%%\n", skillName, level * 100));
}
skillLevelsView.setText(sb.toString());
}
private void updateLearningPath() {
LearningPathAdapter adapter = new LearningPathAdapter(userProgress.getLearningPath());
learningPathView.setAdapter(adapter);
learningPathView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
}
private String getSkillDisplayName(String skillKey) {
switch (skillKey) {
case "problem_identification": return "问题识别";
case "root_cause_analysis": return "根本原因分析";
case "solution_generation": return "解决方案生成";
case "implementation": return "实施执行";
default: return skillKey;
}
}
}
```
```java
// CaseStudyActivity.java - 案例学习
public class CaseStudyActivity extends App***patActivity {
private ViewPager2 casePager;
private TabLayout caseTabs;
private List<CaseStudy> cases;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_case_study);
casePager = findViewById(R.id.case_pager);
caseTabs = findViewById(R.id.case_tabs);
loadCases();
setupViewPager();
}
private void loadCases() {
ProblemAPI.getCases(new Callback<List<CaseStudy>>() {
@Override
public void onSu***ess(List<CaseStudy> caseList) {
cases = caseList;
setupViewPager();
}
@Override
public void onError(String error) {
showError("加载案例失败");
}
});
}
private void setupViewPager() {
CaseStudyAdapter adapter = new CaseStudyAdapter(this, cases);
casePager.setAdapter(adapter);
new TabLayoutMediator(caseTabs, casePager, (tab, position) -> {
tab.setText(cases.get(position).getTitle());
}).attach();
}
}
```
## 三阶问题解决模式实现
### 1. 初级模式 (Beginner)
```go
// models/beginner_mode.go
package models
type BeginnerProblem struct {
ID int `json:"id"`
Title string `json:"title"`
Description string `json:"description"`
Steps []Step `json:"steps"`
Examples []Example `json:"examples"`
}
type Step struct {
Number int `json:"number"`
Title string `json:"title"`
Description string `json:"description"`
Tips []string `json:"tips"`
}
type Example struct {
Scenario string `json:"scenario"`
Solution string `json:"solution"`
KeyPoints []string `json:"key_points"`
}
```
### 2. 中级模式 (Intermediate)
```rust
// src/intermediate_mode.rs
pub struct IntermediateProblem {
pub id: i32,
pub title: String,
pub description: String,
pub ***plexity_factors: Vec<***plexityFactor>,
pub stakeholders: Vec<Stakeholder>,
pub constraints: Vec<Constraint>,
pub su***ess_metrics: Vec<Metric>,
}
pub struct ***plexityFactor {
pub factor: String,
pub impact: f32,
pub interdependencies: Vec<String>,
}
pub struct Stakeholder {
pub role: String,
pub interests: Vec<String>,
pub influence: f32,
}
```
### 3. 高级模式 (Advanced)
```rust
// src/advanced_mode.rs
pub struct AdvancedProblem {
pub id: i32,
pub title: String,
pub system_model: SystemModel,
pub dynamic_factors: Vec<DynamicFactor>,
pub innovation_requirements: Vec<InnovationRequirement>,
pub systemic_impact: SystemicImpact,
}
pub struct SystemModel {
pub ***ponents: Vec<***ponent>,
pub relationships: Vec<Relationship>,
pub feedback_loops: Vec<FeedbackLoop>,
}
pub struct SystemicImpact {
pub short_term: Vec<Impact>,
pub long_term: Vec<Impact>,
pub unintended_consequences: Vec<Consequence>,
}
```
## 数据库设计
### PostgreSQL表结构
```sql
-- 问题表
CREATE TABLE problems (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
title VARCHAR(500) NOT NULL,
description TEXT NOT NULL,
level VARCHAR(20) CHECK (level IN ('beginner', 'intermediate', 'advanced')),
category VARCHAR(100),
required_skills TEXT[],
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);
-- 用户进度表
CREATE TABLE user_progress (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
user_id VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
problem_id INTEGER REFERENCES problems(id),
***pleted_at TIMESTAMP,
score FLOAT,
time_spent INTEGER, -- 分钟
solution_quality FLOAT,
feedback TEXT,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);
-- 技能评估表
CREATE TABLE skill_assessments (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
user_id VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
skill VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
level FLOAT DEFAULT 0.0,
last_assessed TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
confidence FLOAT DEFAULT 0.0
);
-- 案例学习表
CREATE TABLE case_studies (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
title VARCHAR(500) NOT NULL,
description TEXT,
problem_description TEXT,
analysis_process TEXT,
solution TEXT,
lessons_learned TEXT[],
level VARCHAR(20),
industry VARCHAR(100),
***plexity_rating INTEGER
);
```
## 核心功能特性
### 1. 三阶问题解决框架
- **初级**: 结构化步骤引导，模板化解决方案
- **中级**: 多因素分析，权衡决策
- **高级**: 系统性思考，创新解决方案
### 2. 个性化学习路径
- 基于技能评估的个性化推荐
- 渐进式难度提升
- 薄弱环节针对性训练
### 3. 智能分析引擎
- 自然语言问题理解
- 根本原因分析
- 解决方案生成和评估
### 4. 实践案例库
- 真实世界问题案例
- 多行业应用场景
- 成功模式识别
这个架构充分利用了三种语言的优势：
- **Rust**: 高性能的问题推理和解决方案生成引擎
- **Go**: 稳定的API服务器和学习分析系统
- **Java**: 成熟的Android移动端用户体验
系统提供了完整的问题解决学习体验，帮助用户从基础到高级系统性地掌握问题解决技能。
